Preparing the Assignment

Requirements

1. Read the case study below.
2. In your initial discussion post, answer the questions related to the case scenario and support your response with at least one evidence-based reference by Wed., 11:59 pm MT.
3. Provides a minimum of two responses weekly on separate days; e.g., replies to a post from a peer; AND faculty member’s question; OR two peers if no faculty question using appropriate resources, before Sun., 11:59 pm MT.

Case Scenario

A 72-year-old male presents to the primary care office with shortness of breath, leg swelling, and fatigue. He reports that he stopped engaging in his daily walk with friends three weeks ago because of shortness of breath that became worse with activity. He decided to come to the office today because he is now propping up on at least 3 pillows at night to sleep. He tells the NP that he sometimes sleeps better in his recliner chair. PMH includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia and Type 2 diabetes.

Physical Exam:

BP 106/74 mmHg, Heart rate 110 beats per minute (bpm)

HEENT: Unremarkable

Lungs: Fine inspiratory crackles bilateral bases

Cardiac: S1 and S2 regular, rate and rhythm; presence of 3rd heart sound; jugular venous distention. Bilateral pretibial and ankle 2+pitting edema noted

ECG: Sinus rhythm at 110 bpm

Echocardiogram: decreased wall motion of the anterior wall of the heart and an ejection fraction of 25%

Diagnosis: Heart failure, secondary to silent MI

Discussion Questions

• Differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart failure.
• State whether the patient is in systolic or diastolic heart failure.
• Explain the pathophysiology associated with each of the following symptoms: dyspnea on exertion, pitting edema, jugular vein distention, and orthopnea.
• Explain the significance of the presence of a 3rd heart sound and ejection fraction of 25%

SOLUTION  

• Differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart failure.

Heart failure is a functional or structural multifactorial disease that results in impaired ventricular filling or ejection of blood to the systemic circulation. Left heart failure is commonly known as congestive heart failure or CHF; however, this condition may further be categorized as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or systolic heart failure and diastolic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). As the name suggests, in systolic heart failure or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) there will be a reduction of ejection fraction of less than 40 percent with a reduction in cardiac output which subsequently will yield inadequate perfusion to vital organs and tissues (Malik, Brito, Vaqar, & Chhabra, 2022).……..please click the icon below to to access entire solution at $20